Auditorium of Prof. Dr. Suwito, MA SPs UIN Jakarta, SPs NEWS - The Graduate School (SPs) of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta held the 2839th Thesis Exam at the Auditorium Room of Prof. Dr. Suwito, MA SPs UIN Jakarta on Wednesday, August 26, 2026 with the candidate Muh. Adnan.

Adnan is a student of the Master of Islamic Studies program with a Concentration in Tafsir, his thesis is entitled "Discourse on Non-Combatant Protection in the Tafsir of the Qur'an: A Study of Five Classical Interpreters and Five Modern Interpreters". Adnan defended his scholarly work focusing on contemporary humanitarian issues from the perspective of the Qur'an.

This study was born out of the impulse to analyze in depth how the mufasir view the protection of civilians or those who are not involved in the war. Adnan specifically examines the interpretation of five classical and five modern figures on a number of crucial verses, such as QS. al-Baqarah/2:190-193, QS. al-Tawbah/9:5, 29, and 36, as well as QS. al-Hajj/22:39.

Using a qualitative approach based on library research and content analysis, Adnan dug up primary data that came directly from the ten main books of commentary. This step is strengthened by secondary references in the form of books, scientific journals, and supporting documents relevant to the discourse of war law and humanity.

The results of the study reveal an interesting finding: both classical and modern mufasir basically agree on the foundation of non-combatant protection. The two interpreting groups contain the principles of limiting the goals of war, the prohibition of going beyond the limits, protection for those who do not fight, respect for treaties, and the obligation to stop hostilities.

Although it boils down to the agreement on human values, these two eras of interpretation have fundamental differences in the structure of argumentation. Classical interpretation tends to be more dominant using the approach of history, fiqh rules, and debates about the concept  of naskh (abolition of the law of verse).

Meanwhile, modern mufasir comes with a language that is more explicit and responsive to the context of the times. They emphasized the issue of aggression, the historical background of the reduction of the verse, the principle of proportionality, and the protection of human welfare at large.

The relevance of this study is increasingly felt in the midst of the current world situation, where Adnan emphasized that religious identity does not necessarily make a person a target of attack. The decisive element of the actual object of war is an act of aggression, direct involvement in combat, or violation of a treaty, so that the right of protection is automatically acquired when that involvement or hostility ends.

Through his thesis, Adnan reinforces the views of experts such as Abou El Fadl, Niaz A. Shah, and Al-Dawoody who emphasize the limitation of power and the strict distinction between combatants and civilians. At the same time, this thesis straightforwardly rejects the views of some circles, such as Mahfuh Halimi who considers that the "sword verse" universally removes other verses that command peace and the limitation of war.

Adnan successfully defended his thesis under the guidance of Dr. Eva Nugraha, M.Ag, and was tested in front of a board of examiners consisting of Prof. Dr. Yusuf Rahman, MA, Dr. Eva Nugraha, M.Ag, Prof. Kusmana, MA, Ph.D, Prof. Dr. Hasani, MA.

After paying attention to the thesis writing, the comments of the examiner team and the candidate's answers, the examiner team determined that Adnan graduated with the predicate of Very Satisfactory. Muh. Adnan is the 2839th Master in the field of Islamic Studies, in the Master's program of the Graduate School of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. (Jay A)